Sunday, January 30, 2011

Doctors with Attention Deficit

Students Claim ADHD to Get Drugs

Students who want to try ADHD medication for recreational purposes or to boost their grades find it all too easy to convince physicians they have ADHD

Though the U.S. government defines Adderall as a Schedule 2 drug, getting doctors to prescribe Adderall is a snap for college students looking for an easy way to ace their exams. One University of Massachusetts student reporter decided to interview her fellow students to investigate the matter. During one such interview, a fellow student claimed she held her primary health care doctor in the palm of her hand when she begged him to refer her to a psychiatrist who offers evaluations for attention deficit disorder (ADD).

Ritalin
Image via Wikipedia

Transparent Questions

During the psychiatrist’s assessment, the student responded to a series of transparent questions like, “Do you have a hard time concentrating or focusing?” The student said it took no mental gymnastics to figure out what responses would generate a diagnosis of ADD so that she would be entitled to the drugs she sought. However, the student was canny enough to only posit a certain number of symptoms so that she wouldn’t be too obvious in her quest to be diagnosed with a disorder she didn’t have.

The upshot was that the unwitting psychiatrist found she had nine out of nine signs of ADD without the addition of the nine signs that would have added the “H” of hyperactivity to the diagnosis (ADHD). Less than 30 minutes after the examination began, the student had a prescription for Adderall in her hot little hand.

Little Uniformity

The reporter discovered that there is little uniformity in the diagnostic criteria used by physicians to diagnose ADD. Therefore, speaking of a “test for ADD” is misleading. Of the three students the reporter interviewed, two answered a series of questions or were asked to describe their symptoms while the third student was given a more complex diagnostic test.

In the case of the student described above, there was some “prepping” of the patient: the psychiatrist told her that ADD has nine symptoms and that if someone had a certain number of these symptoms, they can be prescribed medications to help them concentrate.

Adderall 30 mg instant release tablets
Image via Wikipedia

The student who received the most rigorous testing was also diagnosed with ADD and given Concerta, a medication similar to Adderall.

The upshot is that a student need not undergo a standard test in order to get a prescription for Adderall, which is an amphetamine. It’s more about finding the doctor who doesn’t mind writing out a script for the student who complains of ADD/ADHD symptoms. In every case, the goal is a legal method for procuring drugs that can be used to help students stay awake for all-night cramming during the final exams period.

Diane Fedorchak, director of Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS), says that only some 5% of the study body suffers from ADHD while another 8% of U of M students report using stimulants like Ritalin, Adderall, or Concerta during the past 30 days without benefit of a prescription.

Friday, January 28, 2011

Literacy Skills in the Making

Your children know a great deal about reading before they ever hold a book in their hands. What is the nature of these very early literacy skills and how can parents turn their children into bookworms?

A young child’s understanding of reading and other related skills in the days before he is ready to read is called emergent literacy. There are several reading-related concepts that a child must have under his belt before he can begin the actual process of learning to read. But to begin with, a child needs to acquire three main skills before beginning his reading education, or for that matter, his education in general.

* Communicationa child should become familiar with spoken language and be able to communicate through speech.

* Alphabeta child should understand the concept of letters and have the ability to name the individual letters of the alphabet.

* Exposure to Written Wordsa child should be exposed to many stories and books before he is of an age to attend school. This is the way toward motivating a child to learn to read.

Get Busy

If you’ve ever looked on in envy as you saw a neighbor’s child always with a book in hand, you can now curtail the jealousy and begin to get busy. It is in your hands to turn your child into a reader. But the process begins as soon as your child is born.

Spend time reading to your child each day. Take care to choose books with simple story lines and colorful illustrations that will excite your child’s mind. As you read aloud, inject lots of expression in your voice. Let him feel the emotions expressed in the text through the feeling you put into the reading.

Another way to help your child gain reading comprehension is to tell her the story in your own words. The story comes alive for your child as she hears it through the device of natural conversation and a parent’s voice.

Written Word Issues

After Napping

Most people choose to read to children only at night, just before kids go to sleep. But in terms of encouraging reading skills, you want your child well-rested. After a nap is the optimum time to read to your child. Both of you should be relaxed and calm.

Offering a baby a book to play with is another great way to give her a chance to interact with words, illustrations, and pages. There are cloth or plastic books and sturdier children’s books that are terrific for this purpose.

The main idea here is to expose your child to lots of language. This is the key to helping her develop her vocabulary and communication skills. When your baby reaches toddlerhood, start reciting nursery rhymes with her and hesitate here and there to allow her a chance to fill in the words. Participatory recitation of rhymes is a very big step toward reading readiness. Your child will also memorize the rhymes. Developing word memories is yet another crucial part of learning to read.

Take your child to the library and make it a regular special jaunt for the two of you. Read her favorite stories to her again and again. Ask open-ended questions like, “What do you think will happen next?”

Network with other parents and share techniques for honing your child’s pre-reading skills. If you give it your best effort, you may just end up with a bookworm for a child. What could be more wonderful?


This post has been copied in its entirety with the kind permission of www.cognibeat.com

Thursday, January 27, 2011

Wakefield’s Fraud

BMJ says Autism/Vaccine Study Data was Falsified

British medical journal, BMJ, finds that the 1998 study linking autism with the MMR vaccine was based on falsified data.

An investigation published by the esteemed British medical journal BMJ has determined that a study authored by Dr. Andrew Wakefield was an “elaborate fraud” now believed to be responsible for wreaking long-term damage on public health. Wakefield’s study claimed that autism was linked to childhood vaccines.

Falsified Data

According to BMJ, Wakefield falsified the 12 patient medical histories used to support his contention of a link between vaccines and autism in a study he conducted in 1998.

"It's one thing to have a bad study, a study full of error, and for the authors then to admit that they made errors," said Fiona Godlee, editor-in-chief of BMJ, in an interview with CNN. "But in this case, we have a very different picture of what seems to be a deliberate attempt to create an impression that there was a link by falsifying the data."

Wakefield’s medical license was revoked in May. But according to an editorial accompanying the BMJ report, taking away Wakefield’s ability to practice medicine can’t stem the damage already done. “…the damage to public health continues, fueled by unbalanced media reporting and an ineffective response from government, researchers, journals and the medical profession."

Wakefield defended his work in an interview with CNN’s “Anderson Cooper 360,” insisting that the fruit of his research had been, “grossly distorted,” and that he was the victim of, “a ruthless, pragmatic attempt to crush any attempt to investigate valid vaccine safety concerns.”

Parental Panic

Wakefield’s report on vaccines and autism sent parents into a panic that led to a significant decrease in the number of children receiving the MMR vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. In Britain, vaccination rates took a sharp drop from the time the report was published, and fell to just 80% by 2004. At the same time, a sharp rise in measles cases has been observed.

The panic was not limited to residents of Britain, and in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 2008 saw more cases of measles than in any other year since 1997, a year prior to the publication of Wakefield’s report. The CDC reported that over 90% of those infected had either not received the vaccine or that their vaccination status was undetermined.

BMJ opines that the effect of the vaccination scare on the rate of infectious disease does not supersede the fact that so much effort, emotions, and resources were wasted on a bogus issue instead of finding the true causes of autism and ways to help children with autism and their families.

CNN Reporter: Autism study motivated by 'money'

Washington Post: Autism/vaccine link: Another nail in the coffin

Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Gov. Christie's Vision

New Jersey Governor Calls for Change

Gov. Chris Christie has announced that he wants to change the system so that New Jersey teachers will have their performance reviewed every five years.

Last Thursday, on January 13, 2011, Chris Christie took the podium at a town hall meeting in Paramus N.J. to make the suggestion that teachers should be hired on the basis of five-year contracts. This would give schools the chance to review a teacher’s performance before choosing to renew contracts. Earlier in the week, the Republican governor had called for ending automatic tenure for teachers.

Enough Time

Chris Christie, Gov. of New Jersey
Governor Chris Christie, Photo Courtesy: CHRIS FAYTOK/The Star-Ledger

Christie feels that while teachers need to have enough time to get hands-on experience and learn how to teach the current system just makes it too hard to get rid of

poor teachers. Right now, the idea of having five-year teaching contracts is still just an idea. Christie’s office has yet to make an official proposal. The controversial governor, who is known to speak his mind, has not yet provided details on just how he will accomplish the abolition of teacher tenure. Furthermore, the teacher’s union has promised him a rousing fight.

The governor of New Jersey didn’t stop with teacher tenure when throwing out his creative ideas for improving the educational system, but also said he’s looking into a plan for the development of schools that would specialize in educating children with autism. These schools would be set up in each of 21 counties in New Jersey, if Christie has his way. During his speech at the town hall meeting, the governor said that his plan would provide a cost-effective alternative for those districts that were attempting to develop their own curriculums for educating special children.

Chris Christie, Gov. of New Jersey
Governor Christie of New Jersey Photo Courtesy: NYdailynews.com

“Visionary Concept”

Linda Meyer, the director of Autism New Jersey made a statement to the media to the effect that Christie is sincere about trying to provide both equality and access to education for every sector of society. She called his concepts, “visionary,” but other people are less convinced that the governor’s idea is such a good one. The director of one private school for children with autism said that the idea would put schools like his, which rely on referrals from the public school districts, out of business.

During the past ten years, the neurological disorder known as autism, which impairs social interaction, has proven a serious challenge that has driven New Jersey special education costs to an annual $3 billion. The number of students with autism has doubled over the past decade, to almost 12,000 students in the Garden State.

Monday, January 10, 2011

In Full Command

Good Readers are Conscious Strategists

What skills do “good readers” draw upon to make for successful reading sessions? How much of this process is conscious?

Experts have struggled to determine the difference between good and poor readers. One measure experts have used to study these differences it to ask readers to describe their thoughts, out loud, as they read. The result of these efforts is the idea that good reading consists of a number of complex skills that are automatic and well-coordinated in practiced readers.



The coordination of reading skills begins before the start of a reading session. Typical (good) readers set goals for their reading. They note the structure and organization of the text and may make mental outlines to help determine the text’s relevance to their goals. As they read, good readers make fast and accurate work of reading the text while processing the meanings of the words at the same time. They also manage to comprehend groupings of words: phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and so forth.

If good readers fail to understand the text on its surface level, they look to see if they can tie in the context of surrounding sentences to help them make sense of those words. They may dig deep into their own acquired knowledge to help them toward comprehending what is read.


Good readers may interact with the material by asking themselves questions on what they’ve read and may reflect on the ideas contained within the text. They use their background knowledge to predict what will happen next. They engage in constant assessment and revise their predictions as the need arises.
They’re Selective

Good readers are selective. They focus on parts of the text that are related to their reading goals. They may skip over parts of the text because they contain information they already know or because the information isn’t relevant to their goals. They may decide they don’t understand the content of what they’re reading or may find that content boring and decide to pass on reading that chapter or even skip an entire book.

If there are gaps in the writer’s descriptions of characters or events, good readers use textual cues to fill them in, or draw on their own background knowledge to make sense of the text. They can create mental images of characters, settings, or events described in text and use those images to help them better understand written passages.

Good readers monitor their own comprehension as they read. If they realize they haven’t understood what they’ve read, they’ll apply techniques to repair their lack of understanding. They may rephrase what they’ve read or look up a word in a dictionary. They may highlight a passage of text and stop and reflect on that passage.
Uses Metacognition

Good reading involves something called metacognition. Good readers are aware of their own mental processes; their thoughts about their own trains of thought. They review their own comprehension strategies and choose those most appropriate to the text.

When good readers are done with their reading sessions, they reflect on the text they’ve covered. They may summarize key points or find other reading materials to help flesh out the same topic.

Good readers apply strategy to their reading. They have numerous techniques they can use to glean the meaning of the texts they read. These are conscious strategies that are within the readers’ control. They decide when to apply which strategies. They are at all times, in full command of the process.


This article has been copied with kind permission from www.cognibeat.com and can be found here

Just Blame Mom

Bruno Bettelheim’s Refrigerator Mothers

At a time when perfect mothering was synonymous with all that was right in postwar America, mothers of autistic children were held accountable for their children’s disorder and reviled. A compelling film called Refrigerator Mothers tells their stories.

When we think of the 1950’s and 1960’s, an image of the late Barbara Billingsley comes to mind. Billingsley’s portrayal of June Cleaver, mother of Beaver in the television series ‘Leave it to Beaver’ epitomized the comforting postwar mom we all wanted to have. Mrs. Cleaver was always pristine and calm, as she set about her housework in sweater set, pearls, heels, and frilly little apron. Beaver was always getting into mischief and June always knew how to fix things and make them right.

No Choice

Back then, a mother’s prime purpose was delineated for her in black and white: she was meant to raise neat, clean, happy children. June never had a choice, not that we think she would have chosen a different path—that would be unthinkable. But for the mother whose child received a diagnosis of autism, things were very different.

Little was known about autism at that time and so the experts pretty much made things up, blaming it all on mom. Instead of receiving the help and support she needed, the mother of an autistic child found herself reviled by a medical establishment who insisted that the autistic child’s weird behaviors were due to detached and frigid mothering. They even gave mom a psychiatric label: “refrigerator mother.”



Sacrificed Humanity

In the 2003 film Refrigerator Mothers, David E. Simpson (Director) and JJ Hanley (Producer) set out to show us what it was like to be the mother of an autistic child in that faraway time. Through the medium of film, we feel the lonely burden of having a child with a profound disorder, and we feel a mother’s pain as she is labeled both culpable and inhuman.
Once upon a time, these mothers had no voice, but today have emerged with resilience and strength to share their tragic stories. In their poignant retelling of those times, we see what happens when authoritative experts are not questioned and we sacrifice humanity in the search for answers.

At the forefront of the refrigerator mother theory was Bruno Bettelheim. The Austrian-born Dr. Bettelheim was an art historian who metamorphosed as the director of the Orthogenic School, the University of Chicago-sponsored home for disturbed children. Bettelheim’s theory held that children developed autism as the direct result of cold and distant mothering dispensed by what he termed “refrigerator mothers.”



Now we know better. We know that autism is a neurological condition. But in the 50’s and 60’s, Bettelheim’s theories were the flavor of the day and it was accepted that the onus was on mom. Traces of this cruel stigma still remain.

Friday, January 7, 2011

Shrugging Off the Herd Mentality

Are original-thinking children being short-changed by the system? How can we enlist a child’s creativity and channel it for good?

In the following animation, one alien child’s differences rock the boat too much for the comfort of his peers, parents, and educators, and so he is evaluated, picked apart, and diagnosed as very, very ill; too ill to exist within societal norms. The alien child is sent away—banished and ostracized to outer space. His alien parents give a sigh of relief and move on with their lives, happy to be relieved of their burden: a child who is a creative and original thinker.

Alien Rejects

The child is put through a transformation/gestation process and sent to earth in a womb-like capsule, where it is presumed, he will be reborn a human. As the capsule nears its target, the planet earth, we see in the distance, other similar capsules containing the rejects of their former society, all meant to become earthlings due to their supposed inferiority.






It isn’t easy being an original thinker. Original thinking seems messy, disorganized and downright chaotic. Our compliance with the basic setup of things is, let’s face it: less work for the rest of the herd.

Take the classroom, for instance. The teacher has a curriculum she must cover within a certain amount of time. That’s her job. But not every student learns the same way.

Shushed And Shunted

What happens to the student who cannot make his personal learning style jibe with the state-mandated curriculum of the teacher? How many gifted students have their creative ideas shushed and shunted aside for the sake of order and covering educational ground?



Today the experts acknowledge that there are many different types of learning styles, for instance visual, audial, and kinesthetic. If a child is a kinesthetic learner, and can only learn through touching, moving, and doing, are we accommodating this child’s needs within the classroom? Are the child’s strengths acknowledged by the system?

Here are some tips teachers can use to foster rather than stunt their creative-thinking students:

* Integrate interesting media into assignments

* Have kids make book covers for their reports

* Students can act out historical events

* Have kids prepare and present speeches

* Use jingles as a musical memorization aid

* Use stories and analogies to get the point across

* Have kids use bright-colored highlighters in assorted colors to emphasize important text

* Student can make models to illustrate science principles—a model of an atom can be a candle with many wicks, or how about an atmosphere cake with different colored layers?





This post has been copied in its entirety with the kind permission of www.cognibeat.com and can be found at http://community.cognibeat.com/2010/12/encouragingcreativity/